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Is Anxiety Hereditary?

Is Anxiety Hereditary?

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Jessica Carlson Apr 21, 2024
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Is Anxiety Hereditary?

If you've ever wondered why it appears like anxiety runs in families or questioned if you might inherit anxiety, you're not alone. Anxiety disorders are among the most prevalent mental health conditions, impacting millions of individuals worldwide, , suggesting a complex interplay between genetics and environment that shapes our mental health.

What causes anxiety disorders? There’s no one-size-fits-all answer, as it stems from a unique combination of genetic predispositions, environmental factors, and life experiences for each individual. All can play a role, but it’s important to understand the genetic component of anxiety-related conditions to help with early detection.

In this informational post, we'll explore some connections between genetics and anxiety disorders, other potential causes, and common treatment options. Of course, individual diagnosis and treatment can only be rendered by a licensed professional.

How common is anxiety?

Transcending boundaries of geography and culture, anxiety disorders are among the most widespread mental health conditions. According to the Anxiety & Depression Association of America, 40 million U.S. adults have an anxiety disorder

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and specific phobias make up the most common forms of anxiety disorders.

Yet, despite their prevalence, anxiety disorders affect each person differently and call for tailored and individualized treatment approaches provided by a licensed professional.

Twin redheaded women sit outside looking at a laptop

Does anxiety run in families?

Yes, anxiety-related conditions can run in families. Studies on family history and twin data have consistently pointed to the possibility of a genetic component to anxiety disorders.

How likely are you to inherit an anxiety disorder? It varies among individuals and families, but if you have a close relative with an anxiety disorder, your probability of developing one yourself is up to six times greater than those without a family history of anxiety.

But that doesn't mean you're destined to inherit anxiety. Genetic predisposition merely points to a likelihood, while environmental factors often tip the scales.

Is there an anxiety gene?

While scientists have yet to identify a single ‘anxiety gene,’ research indicates that multiple genes may contribute to the likelihood of developing an anxiety disorder. Genes like the SLC6A4 that encode the serotonin transporter and the COMT gene or the BDNF gene, which play roles in neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity, could be associated with anxiety. 

Additionally, environmental elements such as diet, sleep quality, air quality, and stress levels can impact gene expression through a process known as DNA methylation.

All of these factors can shape an individual's susceptibility to these disorders.

Do family members all inherit the same disorder?

While family members may share a predisposition to anxiety, the specific type or presentation of a disorder can vary among individuals within the same family.

For example, two siblings might both be anxious, but it can manifest in different types of anxiety disorders, with one having GAD and the other having social anxiety disorder.

What this means: This illustrates the intricate nature of how our genes interact with our environment.

Can family dynamics contribute to anxiety?

Certain parenting styles and family environments may contribute to increased stress levels and anxiety in children.

  • Authoritarian parenting: This approach, marked by strict rules and high expectations without emotional warmth, may instill fear and insecurity in children, potentially escalating their risk of anxiety disorders.
  • Overprotective parenting: While well-intentioned, overprotective parenting can limit a child's development of coping mechanisms and resilience, causing increased anxiety and sensitivity to stress.
  • Neglectful parenting: Defined by a lack of emotional support and care, neglectful parenting can cause children to feel insecure and anxious about their safety and well-being, raising the likelihood of mental health issues.

Growing up in an environment that doesn’t support healthy psychological development could cause the onset and worsening of anxiety symptoms.

White pregnant woman looks at ultrasound


Will I pass anxiety on to my children?

While genetics play a role in anxiety disorders, they are not the sole determining cause of their onset. Environmental influences, including parenting styles, familial stressors, and societal factors, also contribute to a child's risk of developing anxiety.

However, being aware of your family history and taking proactive steps to manage your own anxiety symptoms could help reduce the risk for future generations.

The bottom line: Your role as a parent is significant, and you can shape a home environment that lowers anxiety levels.

Other factors that could cause anxiety

In addition to genetic predispositions, environmental factors can significantly impact the development of anxiety disorders. These factors include:

  • Trauma or stress: Experiencing traumatic events or prolonged periods of stress can increase your vulnerability to anxiety disorders.
  • Substance use: Substance abuse, including alcohol, drugs, and even caffeine, can make anxiety symptoms worse or trigger panic attacks.
  • Poor sleep: Chronic sleep disturbances or insufficient sleep can disrupt brain function and lead to heightened anxiety.
  • Troubled relationships: Difficulties with a friend, family member, or romantic partner can fuel feelings of loneliness and anxiety.
  • Isolation: Being significantly less social can magnify or trigger anxiety due to our intrinsic need for emotional support and belonging.

Approaching mental well-being with an understanding of the complex interplay between genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors can empower you to work toward a personalized treatment plan.

Treatment options for anxiety disorders

Anxiety disorders are highly treatable, and several evidence-based interventions can help individuals manage their symptoms. Anxiety treatment options include:

  • Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT): CBT helps individuals identify and challenge negative thought patterns and behaviors associated with anxiety disorders.
  • Exposure therapy: By gradually exposing individuals to feared situations or objects in a controlled setting, they can confront and overcome those fears.
  • Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT): ACT focuses on accepting uncomfortable thoughts and feelings while committing to actions aligned with one's values.
  • Prescription medication: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), or other medications may be prescribed to alleviate symptoms of anxiety.

By recognizing the hereditary risk factors and seeking professional care, you can take proactive steps toward managing anxiety symptoms and improving your overall well-being.

Cerebral’s online mental health services offer personalized mental health support and evidence-based treatment options tailored to your needs. Our team of licensed therapists and psychiatrists can help you lead a more calm and balanced life.

Do I have an anxiety disorder?

While the expertise of a mental health clinician is needed for a diagnosis, our quick 3-minute self-test indicates how your anxiety symptoms rank from normal to severe.

Take a step toward learning more about your mental health — complete the questions in our free anxiety screening tool today.

Images by freepik, lookstudio, and senivpetro on Freepik.

The information in this blog is provided as a general educational resource only, and is not to be used or relied on for any diagnostic or treatment purpose. This information should not be used as a substitute for professional diagnosis and treatment and does not create any patient-physician relationship between you and Cerebral. Please consult your health care provider before making any health care decisions or to get guidance about a specific medical condition.

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